PAST TENSE
1. Simple past tense
Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu perbuatan kegiatan situasi terjadi pada waktu lampau dan berakhir pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau dan waktu berakhirnya diketahui.
RUMUS A :
A. S + To Be (was/were) + ……..
B. S + Verb II + …….
RUMUS B :
A. Affirmative (+)
S + Verb II
B. Negative (-)
S + did not + Verb I
C. Interrogative (?)
Did + S + Verb I
Untuk membentuk kalimat tanpa (interrogative) maka ditambah ‘did’ dimuka subjek dan kata kerjanya kembali ke bentuk pertama.
Bila dalam kalimat telah terdapat kata bentuk (was/were) Could, Might, Must, maka hanya kata bantunya saja yang diletakkan di muka subyek.
Bila dalam kalimat telah terdapat kata bantu (was/were) Could, Might, Must, maka setelah kata bantu ditambah NOT (N’T)
Contoh :
1. (+) He worked in the bank for four years.
(-) He didn’t work in the bank for four years.
(?) Did he work in the bank for four years?
(-?) Did he not work in the bank for four years?
Tanda waktu (signal time) yang digunakan dalam bentuk ini adalah :
- Yesterday
- Yesterday morning
- Last Monday
- An hour ago
- Two days ago
- The other day
- Every day last year
- Last night
- Last year
- The day before yesterday
- Etc.
2. Past Continuous Tense
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
RUMUS :
S + was/were + Verb I (ing) + ……
Affirmative (+) : S + To Be + Verb ing.
Negative (-) : S + To Be + not + Verb ing.
Interrogative (?) : To Be + S + Verb ing.
Untuk membuat kalimat Tanya (interrogative) maka was/were diletakkan di muka subjek.
Untuk membuat kalimat menyangkal (negative) maka setelah to be (was/were) ditambah = NOT (N’T)
Contoh :
1. (+) I was reading book when father watched tv.
(-) I was not reading book when father watched tv.
(?) Was I reading book when father watched tv?
(-?) Was I not reading book when father watched tv?
Penggunaan past continuous tense :
a. Dipergunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah dimulai dan masih tetap berlangsung ketika kejadian lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
o When she came to my house, I was listening the radio.
o I was reading when she met me.
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau.
o They were studying English all morning last Monday.
o Yudi was watching tv the whole night last Sunday.
Tanda waktu (signal time) yang biasa digunakan :
o When
o While
o As
o All day yesterday
o The whole day last Sunday
o Etc.
3. Past perfect tense
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan peristiwa yang sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau atau menerangkan suatu peristiwa yang lebih dahulu terjadi diantara dua kejadian yang dibicarakan.
RUMUS :
S + Had + been +…
S + Had + Verb III + ….
Affirmative (+) : S + Had + Verb I
Negative (-) : S + had not + Verb III
Interrogative (?) : Had + S + Verb III
Untuk membentuk kalimat Tanya (interrogative) maka Had diletakkan di muka subjek. Untuk membentuk kalimat negative maka setelah Had ditambah = NOT (N’T)
Contoh :
1. (+) They had gone when she called me.
(-) They had not gone when she called me.
(?) Had they gone when she called me?
(-?) Had they not gone when she called me?
Tanda waktu (signal time) yang digunakan antara lain :
o Before : past perfect –before – past tense
o After : past tense – after – past perfect
o Until : past tense – until – past perfect
o As soon as : past tense – as soon as – past perfect
4. Past pefect continuous tense
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung pada waktu lampau pula.
RUMUS :
S + had been + Verb ing + ….
Affirmative (+) : S + had been + Verb ing
Negative (-) : S + had not been + Verb ing
Interrogative (?) : had + S + been + Verb ing
Untuk membentuk kalimat Tanya (interrogative) maka had diletakkan di muka subjek. Untuk membentuk kalimat negativesetelah had ditambah = NOT (N’T)
Contoh :
1. (+) They had been singing, when we studied.
(-) They had not been singing when we studied dancing.
(?) Had they been studied singing when we studied dancing?
(-?) Had they not been singing when we studied dancing?
thx
BalasHapus